Radar Full-Disk Imaging and Topography of Mars During the 1999 Opposition

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Radar observations of Mars have been made for more than thirty years. Nevertheless, unique observations addressing important scientific questions are possible during the 1999 Opposition as outlined below. The Earth-Mars geometry during 1999 Opposition permits access to some of the most northerly sub-Earth Latitudes at the same time when NRAO's Very Large Array (VLA) is in the highest resolution configuration (the "A Array"). The last such coincidence of having the "A" array during Opposition was in 1992/93, which was not as favorable as the 1999 Opposition. The Opposition of 1988 was the last excellent VLA opportunity, which occurred at extreme southerly sub-Earth Latitudes, and produced the first full-disk radar images of Mars (Muhleman et al., 1991). The major discoveries were the extreme radarbrightness of the south residual ice cap and the "Stealth" region along the Martian equator west of Tharsis. Other possible "Stealthy" regions such as Argyre Planitia and the north polar erg (see Edgett et al., 1997) are important targets for the 1999 imaging, as well as probing the 'Stealth' area in more detail.

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