Quantum Nucleation of Quark Matter in Neutron Stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Nucleation rate of two-flavor quark matter are calculated by using a quantum tunneling analysis incorporating the electrostatic energy and the effects of energy dissipation. We find that low-energy excitations in nuclear matter act to increase the overpressure required to form a quark matter droplet via their collisions, and that the nucleated droplet would develop into bulk matter due to the screening effects of relativistically degenerate electrons and muons on the droplet charge. Its weak conversion to beta-stable three-flavor quark matter and the resulting release of chemical energy might lead to a gamma-ray burst and/or thermal X-ray afterglow. It is found that strangeness contained in hyperons acts to reduce a density discontinuity at deconfinement and a lepton fraction in the hadronic phase; these reductions cause the droplet to have its effective mass lightened and its electric charge diminished into nearly zero.

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