"Pure” S0 Galaxy Samples: An Infrared & Optical Morphological Selection Method

Mathematics – Logic

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Scientific paper

Precise classification of galaxies is vital to understanding the formation and evolution processes of galaxy structures. The focus of the research is to develop an effective, accurate, and efficient method to identify morphological contamination in a sample of lenticular galaxies. Such a pure sample can provide insight into the nature of S0 galaxies.
Visually verified samples of S0 and Sa galaxies were selected from the RC3 catalog. Optical and infrared data were collected for all sample galaxies. Infrared photometry in the J, H, K bands were taken from 2MASS. A statistical evaluation of the infrared data was used to determine parameters resulting in a separation between the Sa and S0 galaxies. Data were binned for multiple ranges of absolute magnitude and redshift in order to highlight any unknown trends.
A separation between S0 and Sa galaxies is observed for values of H - K = 0.26 and B - V = 0.85. The S0 galaxies have bluer infrared and redder optical colors than the values quoted. A simple morphological separation procedure that employs both the H - K and B - V colors was able to significantly reduce galaxy contamination. The separation procedure was performed on a random sampling of the RC3 galaxies (Sa+S0, 30% Sa contamination), resulting in a "pure” sample of S0 galaxies with less than 9% contamination. The separation procedure can quickly and easily be used with large all-sky surveys. We acknowledge support from the John Hauck Foundation and the Gurtler Foundation.

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