Pulse generation, spectroscopy, and transitions dynamics of Er3+ ions in YAG host

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Scientific paper

In Er:YAG, Er:YSGG and Er:YLF lasers the most important are the three lowest energy levels of Er3+ ion. Transitions between these levels decide about wavelength of generated laser radiation. In Er:YAG laser these levels are: 4I15/2 (energy: 280 cm-1), 4I13/2 (6710 cm-1), 4I11/2 (10330 cm-1) [1]. Er:YAG has many absorption lines mainly in visual and near infrared wavelength spectrum. This laser may generate optical radiation at two wavelengths: 1,6 μm and 2,94μm. For the first one Er:YAG works as a three level quantum system and the for the second one it works as a four level quantum system. In this case the top laser level is 4I11/2 and the down laser level is 4I13/2. Both the wavelength generated and the work mode may be selected by dopant concentration. In lasers such as Er:YAG an analysis of transitions between levels during optical radiation absorption and generation the Boltzman distribution of energy levels occupation and thermalization effects must be taken into consideration [2]. Authors have developed computer software, which allows analysing transitions dynamics, laser output power/energy and rod's temperature increase (during pulse generation) which depends on: pump properties, initial temperature, and dopant concentration. Analysis may be carried on for monopulse generation as well as for pulse generation. This software allows simplifying Er:YAG laser application designing.

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