Psychroactive methanogenic archaea as analogues to hypothetic microorganisms inhabiting subsurface Martian ecosystems

Biology

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Mars: Astrobiology

Scientific paper

Martian conditions include low temperature and an atmosphere that contains large amounts of carbon dioxide and only traces of oxygen. Subsurface life on Mars would need to use chemcial energy through the oxidation of inorganic matter. Methanogens are chemolithoautotrophs that can only develop under anoxic conditions consuming hydrogen and CO2 as the only source of energy and carbon. They produce methane, an important greenhouse gas and inhabit different terrestrial environments including extreme ecosystems. Assuming that hydrogen of geological origin and cold liquid water are present beneath the martian surface, low temperature methanogenic archaea are most substantial candidates among all known microorganisms for surviving under such conditions. Presently, little is known about psychrophilic archaea despite the fact of their important participation in terrestrial microbial cycles. Here, we report on seven new methanogens isolated from different cold environments and able to grow at temperature close to zero.

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