Mathematics – Statistics Theory
Scientific paper
2011-04-12
Mathematics
Statistics Theory
Scientific paper
A scoring rule is a loss function measuring the quality of a quoted probability distribution $\bq$ for a random variable $X$, in the light of the realised outcome $x$ of $X$; it is proper if the expected score, under any distribution $\bp$ for $X$, is minimised by quoting $\bq = \bp$. Using the fact that any differentiable proper scoring rule on a finite sample space ${\cal X}$ is the gradient of a concave homogeneous function, we consider when such a rule can be local in the sense of depending only on the probabilities quoted for points in a nominated neighbourhood of $x$. Under mild conditions, we characterise such a proper local scoring rule in terms of a collection of homogeneous functions on the cliques of an undirected graph on the space $\cX$. A useful property of such rules is that the quoted distribution $\bq$ need only be known up to a scale factor. Examples of the use of such scoring rules include Besag's pseudo-likelihood and Hyv\"arinen's method of ratio matching.
Dawid Philip A.
Lauritzen Steffen
Parry Matthew
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