Production of Jurassic rhyolite by anatexis of the lower crust of Patagonia

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The mid-Jurassic Marifil and Chon-Aike volcanic rocks of eastern Patagonia are part of one of the largest silicic igneous provinces known. Rb---Sr geochronology indicates eruptive ages of 175-190 Ma for the Marifil complex (mostly Toarcian-Aalenian). The majority of the rocks are isotopically uniform, with initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.7067 ± 0.0003 and Nd t = -4 ± 2. Primary magmas of andesitic composition were generated by partial melting of mafic "Grenvillian" lower crust, indentified by depleted-mantle model ages of 1150-1600 Ma. Lower crustal pyroxene-granulite xenoliths can be modelled as residual Jurassic source, although they may alternatively be co-genetic cumulates. The dacite-rhyolite suite formed by crystal-liquid fractionation processes from the primary andesites: involving multistage crystallization and re-melting during magma ascent, with the later stages of evolution being explicable by fractional crystallization of plagioclase, amphibole and accessory minerals. The province represents large-scale lower crustal reworking associated with the unique tectonic and igneous environment of Gondwana break-up.

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