Planets Orbiting Other Suns

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Stars: Planetary Systems

Scientific paper

After a century fraught with false claims, evidence for planets around other stars finally appears robust. Infrared imaging and spectroscopy of disks around stars foreshadow detailed models of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Surveys of main-sequence stars show that 5% harbor companions of (0.5-8)MJUP within 3 AU, peaked at lowest masses. Their orbits are either within 0.2 AU or eccentric, and occasionally both. These odd orbits suggest that dynamics with gas and planetesimals yield diverse systems and that stable, coplanar orbits of about nine giant and rocky planets may require special initial conditions. Far fewer stars (<1%) harbor (5-80)MJUP companions. This brown dwarf desert for companions stands in contrast to the abundant brown dwarfs that are freely floating. Based on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated jointly by the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, and based on observations obtained at Lick Observatory, which is operated by the University of California.

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