Physical properties of shocked and thermally altered nontronite - Implications for the Martian surface

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Heat Treatment, Magnetic Properties, Mars Surface, Mineralogy, Montmorillonite, Shock Loads, Microstructure, Mossbauer Effect, Physical Properties, X Ray Diffraction

Scientific paper

Both shock recovery and thermal annealing experiments have been carried out on Riverside nontronite, an iron-rich smectite clay that closely matches the composition, but neither the color nor magnetic properties, of the Martian fines. Nontronite was recovered from peak shock pressures between 7 and 32 GPa, with calculated peak mean bulk temperatures ranging from 125° to 1100°C. Other nontronite samples were heated in air for one hour at temperatures ranging from 400° to 1000°C at 100°C increments. By performing Mössbauer, magnetization, and X ray diffraction measurements and color determination of the recovered samples, (1) the physical properties of altered nontronite can be compared to what is known of the Martian fines from the Viking Landers, and (2) the nature of and mechanisms for the experimental alteration can be studied, which may have a bearing on the nature of and mechanisms for the formation of the Martian fines.

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