Other
Scientific paper
Jul 1993
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1993metic..28r.464y&link_type=abstract
Meteoritics, vol. 28, no. 3, volume 28, page 464
Other
1
Chondrites, Carbonaceous, Phyllosilicates
Scientific paper
Kaidun appears to predominantly be a CR chondrite, containing other diverse components, including enstatite chondrites. Previous observations indicate that the dominant phyllosilicates in Kaidun are serpentine and saponite, suggesting that the Kaidun parent body has undergone aqueous alteration [1]. Phyllosilicates in the smectite group are important in that they act as ion exchangers, which can retain alkali metal, alkaline earth, or ammonium ions in their interlayers in exchangeable form while their structure may contain hydroxyl groups derived from the aqueous alteration process. The purpose of this investigation was to study the layer charge of these smectites and to make an attempt to understand the interlayer chemistry, which was the result of rock-water interaction in its parent body. An alkylammonium method coupled with high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was used to study layer charge and the electron microprobe was used to study the composition and the interlayer chemistry of phyllosilicates. Ultramicrotomed Kaidun matrix samples (on TEEM grids) were pretreated with C12-alkylammonium solutions [2]. This procedure was performed to expand and stabilize the smectite (e.g., saponite) for HRTEM study and permit characterization of the relative charge density of the interlayer sites. This latter feature is a potentially important indicator of the environment of the Kaidun parent body (probably a hydrous asteroid). Recent work by Ming et al. [2] shows that the basal lattice fringes of C12-alkylammonium treated saponites in Kaidun meteorite are typically 1.3-1.4 nm, which indicates low-charged interlayer sites. However, in this study saponites with much larger layer spacing (1.3-2.6 nm, mostly 2 nm) were observed. suggesting the presence of high-charge interlayer sites. Another distinct feature observed in this study is that saponite is clearly the dominant phyllosilicate phase in some Kaidun matrix lithologies, with serpentine being rarely observed. In contrast, most reported Kaidun and CR lithologies have approximately subequal amounts of saponite and serpentine in matrix. Phyllosilicates in Kaidun are commonly associated with sulfides; no phyllosilicates have been observed as direct overgrowths on olivine or pyroxene. Microprobe analyses of coarse-grained Kaidun saponites indicate that the majority of the exchangeable cations in the saponites studied are Mg2+ and Ca2+, with mior Na+. However, since the results of this study suggest that the saponite in Kaidun has a highly charged interlayer environment, one might speculate that any ammonium (NH4+) if present in the original parent body atmosphere or the reacting solution might be fixed in the interlayers. High- charge smectites are known to fix ammonium ions from solution [3]. There is spectroscopic evidence for ammonium-bearing phases on asteroid Ceres 1 [4]. Most carbonaceous chondrites are known to contain relatively high amounts of nitrogen (up to 3000 ppm) [5]. In order to detect if any of this N is in NH4+ form in the interlayers, we set up our Cameca electron microprobe to detect the nitrogen K-alpha X-ray peak using an ODPB crystal of a wavelength dispersive spectrometer. No nitrogen peak was positively identified on the carbonaceous matrix, nor on any saponites, although it is possible that the electron beam neutralized and evaporated any NH4+ cations before detection. In conclusion, the phyllosilicates in Kaidun are heterogeneously distributed from clast to clast, with highly charged saponite predominating in some clasts; serpentine and saponite are more nearly equally abundant in other clasts. No nitrogen was positively detected in the matrix or in any components in Kaidun by the electron microprobe in this study, although further studies of Kaidun phyllosilicates are in progress. References: [1] Zolensky M. and McSween H. Y. Jr. (1988) in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, Univ. of Arizona, 114-143. [2] Ming D. W. et. al. (1992) LPSC XXIII, 913-914. [3] Krishnamoorthy C. and Overstreet R. (1950) Soil Sci., 69, 41-53. [4] King T. V. V. et al. (1992) Science, 255, 1551-1553. [5] Handbook of Geochemistry, 7-C-5.
Golden D. C.
Ivanov Anatoly A.
Ming Douglas W.
Yang Vincent S.
Zolensky Michael
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