Overview of the ECHO Project: Emissions and Chemical Transformation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds - Investigations in and above a mixed forest stand

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Forests are complex sources of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the planetary boundary layer. With estimated emission rates of 1150 TgC/year, biogenic emissions dominate over those from anthropogenic sources by one order of magnitude on a global scale. Due to their emission in large quantities and their high reactivity biogenic VOCs have a significant impact on the photochemical processes that lead to the formation of ozone and other photooxidants in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). A considerable lack of knowledge exists concerning a typical forest stand as a net source of reactive trace compounds, the amount of primary emitted VOC which are transported directly into the PBL, and the amount of VOC which are chemically processed within the canopy, the products of which are transported into the PBL. ECHO is an integrated project which investigates the role of forests as source and chemical reactor of reactive trace gases. It comprises of a combination of large field campaigns, simulation experiments, and laboratory studies to investigate net VOC emissions from plants, chemical reactions of the emitted VOCs in the atmosphere, and transport processes in and above a forest stand. Here we describe the aims and concept of ECHO and present first results of the 2002 Intense phase of the field campaign.

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