Origin of fumarolic fluids emitted from a nonerupting volcano: Radionuclide constraints at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

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The behaviour of 210 Po and 222 Rn in hot fumaroles on the crater rim at Vulcano Island was studied over 12 years (1980-1992) in order to infer the origin of the fluids. The decreasing activity of 222 Rn observed since 1985 results from the mixing of the magmatic component with shallow water. A part of 222 Rn in the gases is emitted by the surrounding rocks and carried along by the shallow water. 210 Po is completely volatilized at T > 450° C . Above this temperature its activity remains unchanged with increasing temperature. 210 Po has two different origins: one is magmatic, correlated with 222 Rn; the other one is produced by the sublimates deposited in the volcanic edifice. From the magmatic 210 Po component, the volume of degassing magma is estimated to be about either 170,000 m 3 or 90,000 m 3 /day, according to the model utilized. In the first case, the associated degassing time is about twelve days.

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