Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2011
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2011agufm.p11a1587h&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011, abstract #P11A-1587
Other
[5455] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Origin And Evolution, [5749] Planetary Sciences: Fluid Planets / Origin And Evolution
Scientific paper
We explain the nearly circular, co-planar orbits and mostly upright axial spins of the planets with a radical, new accretion model. These common and fundamental rotational characteristics record conditions of origin. The Figure below shows that current planetary spin (triangles) and orbital (circles) rotational energies (R.E.) of each planet nearly equal and linearly depend on its gravitational self-potential of formation (Ug). We derive a formula for dissipation of the Sun's spin via photons carrying off angular momentum (radiative braking): for constant luminosity, the primordal Sun (square) lies at the apex of the planetary trends. Total planetary R.E. (grey diamond) lies on the 1:1 line if Jupiter, lost 97% of its spin, like the Earth (open triangle, calculated for a 4 hr primordal day). Hence, the Sun and planets formed contemporaneously and accretion provided little heat. Data on satellite systems provides corroboration. Accretion converted Ug of the 3-dimensional pre-solar nebula to R.E., because (1) the negative sign of Ug forbids conversion exclusively to heat, (2) planetary nebulae are too rarified to produce heat until solid bodies are essentially formed, and (3) configurational energy and PV terms are small compared to Ug. We derive the conversion (-ΔUg~=ΔR.E) from ideal gas behavior, appropriate for low nebula density. From -ΔUg~=ΔR.E, the time-dependent virial theorem, conservation of angular momemtum, and measured masses and other characteristics, we derive a quantitative model which (1) deduces mechanisms, (2) quantifies the time-dependence in converting a 3-d cloud to the present 2-d Solar System, and (3) calculates the evolution of dust and gas densities. Rocky kernels assembled first and rapidly from pre-solar dust in a nebula with nearly uniform density via almost vertical collapse of dust, but not gas, to a disk, verified by stability criteria. Gas giants formed at great distance where rocky kernels out-competes the pull of the central, co-accreting sun. Our 3-d model lacks problems with angular momentum inherent to previous 2-d models and explains key Solar System characteristics (spin, orbits, compositional variation of the nebula, existence of gas giants), and second-order features (e.g., comet mineralogy, satellite system sizes).
Criss Robert E.
Hofmeister Anne
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