Optimum design of a coded mask X-ray telescope for rocket applications

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Imaging Techniques, Rocket-Borne Instruments, Shadowgraph Photography, X Ray Astronomy, X Ray Telescopes, Autocorrelation, Collimation, Computerized Simulation, Design Analysis, High Resolution

Scientific paper

The paper considers an X-ray telescope based on a two-step imaging technique that involves the formation of a shadowgram of the X-ray source by means of a coded mask built up from opaque and transparent elements. With this technique, the shadowgram is recorded on a suitable position-sensitive detector, and the recording is processed by computer to reconstruct the desired image of the source. These procedures are analyzed, technical problems are discussed, and it is shown that periodic masks with convolution patterns completely free from spurious peaks are optimum. Theoretical as well as practical design considerations are examined for rocket applications of an X-ray telescope system utilizing one- or two-dimensional optimum masks. An autocollimating mask is described in detail, the effect of photon noise on image quality is evaluated, and mask parameters are computed which give the best discrimination against noise for a given set of viewing conditions. A computer simulation of a shadowgraph and source image is provided as an example. It is concluded that coded-shadowmask telescopes are useful in noisy situations only if the field of view under observation is sparsely populated with point sources or extended sources of small angular spread.

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