Optimal methods for planetary landing site certification

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Planetary Landing, Landing Sites, Soft Landing, Roving Vehicles, Surface Roughness Effects, Satellite Imagery, Optical Measuring Instruments, Space Missions, Safety Factors, Certification, Image Analysis

Scientific paper

Techniques that will allow landing obstacles as small as 0.5 m in size to be inferred from high-resolution Mars Observer Camera or other imagery are considered. It is argued that it is possible to infer the existence of subpixel-scale structure via careful analysis of the following four properties of an imaged area: the mean radiance or reflection of an imaged scene is a constant, independent of the pixel dimensions that make up the image; the variance (and standard deviation) of radiance in an image decreases as pixel size increases; the semivariogram of an image at a lag of 1 pixel is sensitive to the scale of structure just below the scale of the pixel; and, because of the presence of nonrandom structures, the histogram of radiance from a scene will rarely obey Gaussian statics. The present results are of utility in the consideration of potential soft-landing sites.

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