Opportunities for Seismology in NEPTUNE

Mathematics – Logic

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Scientific paper

The NEPTUNE project is an ambitious plan to deploy a submarine fiber-optic network on the Juan de Fuca Plate that would host scientific instrumentation to study a wide variety of geological, oceanographic, and ecological processes. From the standpoint of seismology, NEPTUNE represents a unique opportunity to deploy a plate-scale ocean seismic network in a region that incorporates a remarkable array of plate tectonic features including all the major types of oceanic plate boundaries. Together with land arrays and seafloor geodetic measurements, the NEPTUNE seismic network will address many important problems. Great earthquakes occur along the Cascadia subduction zone and there is considerable interest in understanding of subduction zone seismogenesis and hazard. Seafloor observations will lead to improved constraints on the earthquake cycle, the width of the locked zone, deep intraslab earthquakes, and the relationships between earthquakes, fluid flow, and sediment transport events on the accretionary prism. On the Juan de Fuca ridge, the network will be part of multidisciplinary experiments to monitor seafloor volcanism and hydrothermal circulation. Observations on the Blanco transform fault will contribute to studies of the physics of earthquake rupture. At the plate-scale, the network will constrain the coupling of forces across plate boundaries, the variations in stress across the plate, and the characteristics of intra-plate earthquakes. It will contribute to studies of mantle melting, the coupling of the mantle to the lithosphere, the pattern of return flow from trench to ridge, the nature of mantle flow near plate boundaries, and the rheology of the mantle.

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