On influence zones of celestial bodies

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Astrodynamics, Gravitational Effects, Orbital Mechanics, Planetary Gravitation, Spacecraft Trajectories, Two Body Problem, Comets, Free Flight, Gravitational Fields, Jupiter (Planet), Natural Satellites

Scientific paper

Laplace (1805) has introduced the concept of the 'activity sphere' in connection with the calculation of cometary orbits in the vicinity of the planet Jupiter. Within the activity sphere of the planet, the gravitational force of the planet predominates. It is, therefore, convenient to consider the cometary orbit within the planetary activity sphere as an orbit around the planet which is disturbed by the sun. Problems involving a spacecraft in place of the comet have the same characteristics. Effects produced by a planet on the orbital parameters of a spacecraft passing through the planetary activity sphere are utilized to change the direction of the spacecraft during space missions. An investigation is conducted concerning the activity sphere of one celestial body with respect to another body, taking into account a definition of the 'activity sphere', the exact equation describing its limits, and special cases of application. Attention is also given to aspects of gravitational attraction in the inertial system.

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