Observations of Deuterated Water on Mars Using NIRSPEC at Keck II; Is the D/H Ratio Related to Surface Pressure and Temperature?

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We have observed H2O and HDO at infrared wavelengths using high resolution spectroscopy with the cross dispersed echelle spectrometer NIRSPEC at Keck II on January 2006. The broad spectral grasp of this unique instrument allows the simultaneous measurement of the two species (H2O and HDO) and CO2, the main atmospheric constituent of the Martian atmosphere. The preferential mass-dependant escape of the lighter isotope of water (H2O) relative to HDO is important in the determination of the age of the sensed gas. Previous measurements reported a global enrichment of deuterated water of five times the terrestrial value, however, Martian meteorites show a much lower value ( 2 SMOW), representative of a more pristine chemistry. Is this ratio dependent on the sublimation rate of water trapped in the regolith, and therefore the surface temperature? What are the sources of water vapor on Mars?
In order to study the relationship between temperature and D/H, we oriented the spectrometer slit North-South on the planet, obtaining latitudinal information. The measurements were taken on January 5 and 15 2006, or southern hemisphere summer (LS= 352) on Mars. In this paper, we present new graphical representations of HDO, H2O abundances and the corresponding D/H ratio. We will show the interrelation between the D/H ratio and surface pressure and temperature. This work was done under the NAI's Summer Undergraduate Internship in Astrobiology at the Goddard Space Flight Center and NSF AST-0505765.

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