Observational signatures of the macroscopic formation of strange matter during core collapse supernovae

Details Observational signatures of the macroscopic formation of strange matter during core collapse supernovae Observational signatures of the macroscopic formation of strange matter during core collapse supernovae

Dec 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003phdt.........2z&link_type=abstract

Thesis (PhD). THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Source DAI-B 64/06, p. 2717, Dec 2003, 140 pages.

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Scientific paper

The consequences of a first order QCD phase transition in the protoneutronstar remnant of a core collapse supernova are presented with a special focus on the effects on neutrino transport. A secondary focus is the detection of these neutrinos in terrestrial detectors. Hybrid stars are constructed such that a coexistence region of QCD-confined and deconfined phases forms in the protoneutronstar interior with possibly a pure deconfined phase in the center. The resulting Coulomb lattice (1D, 2D and 3D) in the coexistence region is shown to crystallize for temperatures relevant in supernova cores seconds after bounce. Droplet deformation modes freeze out in the same range. For the outermost ˜1 km of the coexistence region, the stability of the 3D lattice to shear stresses falls below the critical range of mechanical energy densities provided by hydrodynamical flow. This can lead to a non-spherical relief structure which, together with the enhanced neutrino opacity of the coexistence lattice; can result in anisotropic neutrino transport and therefore neutron star kicks. A computer model for neutrino diffusion coupled with quasistatic evolution of a solid lattice phase and hydrodynamical treatment of the confined matter envelope was developed to address the kick model and other problems. The state of newly formed hybrid stars is determined using a self- consistent approach of integrating the stellar structure equations with the constraint of heat flow equilibrium, resulting in relatively cool energy spheres (T ˜ 1 MeV) compared to T ˜ 10 MeV in the interior. Typical cooling timescales of hybrid stars are then τ ˜ 100 sec. This is shown to result in a statistically significant signal in a Pb-neutron spallation detector. In exploratory calculations, observed kick speeds were reproduced and the presence of a sustainable convective flow pattern to maintain a crater in the coexistence region was verified. The Pb and Fe components of a proposed neutron spallation neutrino detector concept were optimized with respect to cost-efficiency. DAMOCLES, a transport code for neutrons, capture γ rays and scintillation photons was developed for that purpose. The detection efficiency for liberated neutrons for the optimum configurations in both detectors is 38%. The available sensitivity to sparse neutrino signals is ˜1/(sec × kT) for expected radioactive background rates.

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