Observational Constraints Imposed by Brans-Dicke Cosmologies

Mathematics – Logic

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The flat-space Brans-Dicke (BD) Friedmann cosmologies previously found are analyzed in more detail. Further exact relations among the observable quantities ρ, H, Λ˙ (fractional time variation of G), t, and q (deceleration parameter) are found and subsequently used to discuss the over-all consistency of the cosmological solution with the observed values of these quantities and their associated uncertainties. It is found that consistency with observables is possible over almost the entire range of the solution parameter z from 1 to ∞. The greatest upper bound on Λ˙0 which is marginally consistent with the other observables (tgalac=7.3×109 yr and tH=19.5×107 yr) is found to be Λ˙=3.85×10-11yr (for z~=1.4) and corresponds to a density of ρ=1.95×10-30 g/cm3. Since in the z-->1 limit the curved- and flat-space solutions are identical, the above bound on Λ˙ is also a reasonable one for curved space. In any case, the limiting values of Λ˙H as z-->1 give a greatest upper bound on Λ˙ for curved spaces, and one finds Λ˙=9.7×10-11yr for tH=13×109 yr. The previous "upper bound" Λ˙~=10-11yr (for flat space) found by using the z-->∞ solution is therefore actually an upper bound in terms of ɛ only. Finally the values for the deceleration parameter are found to range from q=0.538, 1.0 (for ɛ=0, 13) to q=2.0 (all ɛ) as z goes from ∞ to 1. For the case of marginal consistency with the other observables (z~=1.4) one finds q=1.42, 1.52 for ɛ=0, 13. This range of (flat-space) values for the deceleration parameter, consistent with other observables, indicates the nonexistence of a unique relation between the deceleration parameter and the sign of spatial curvature in the BD theory.

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