Other
Scientific paper
Mar 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006aps..mard43004z&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, APS March Meeting, March 13-17, 2006, abstract #D43.004
Other
Scientific paper
Ultracold quantum degenerate Fermi gases provide a remarkable opportunity to study strongly interacting fermions. In contrast to other Fermi systems, such as superconductors, neutron stars or the quark-gluon plasma of the early Universe, these gases have low densities and their interactions can be precisely controlled over an enormous range. A major goal has been the realization of superfluidity in a gas of fermions. Our observation of vortex lattices in a strongly interacting rotating Fermi gas provide definitive evidence for superfluidity. By varying the binding energy between fermion pairs, we have studied the crossover from a Bose--Einstein condensate of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid of loosely bound pairs. The crossover is associated with a new form of superfluidity. The observed transition temperatures normalized for the density of the gas by far exceed the highest transition temperatures achieved in high-Tc superconductors. Recently, we have extended those studies to interacting Fermi gases with imbalanced spin populations and observed a quantum phase transition at a critical imbalance, which is the Pauli limit of superfluidity.
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