Observation of electron temperature anisotropy in the ionosphere - A review

Computer Science – Sound

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Electron Energy, Incoherent Scatter Radar, Ionospheric Electron Density, Ionospheric Temperature, Anisotropy, Auroral Arcs, Geomagnetism, Japanese Spacecraft, Rocket Sounding, Satellite Sounding

Scientific paper

Electron temperature measurements which were carried out by means of the Japanese satellite Ohzora show that in most cases T(parallel), the electron temperature parallel to the geomagnetic field, is 1.1 to about 1.4 times higher than T(perpendicular). The number of cases in which T(parallel) is higher than T(perpendicular) increases at higher latitude. The number peaks in the early morning. In rocket experiments carried out at high latitudes it was found that T(parallel) in or above an auroral arc is sometimes 1000 K higher than T(perpendicular). Therefore an anisotropy of the electron temperature in the ionosphere which was sometimes doubted in the past, now seems to have gained firm proofs. The paper reviews results and previous experimental work which suggest the anisotropy. It is finally suggested that one of the reasons of a disagreement between incoherent scatter radar data and mainly cylindrical Langmuir probe data may be due to this anisotropy.

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