Observation and research for strong meteor shower and related catastrophic space weather

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Meteors, Meteoroids

Scientific paper

During the first international joint observation for strong meteor shower, we made multi-subject observations for Leonids and Draconids and their disaster space weather events by several methods. Combining the synthetical analysis of Leonids, Perseids and Draconids and their related data from 1957 to 2003, we sufficiently confirm that the periodic strong meteor showers can result in the formation of catastrophic space weather events. The following summing-up is confirmed basically: 1.The formation mechanism of the strong meteor shower There are meteoroids with high density and uneven distribution close the cometary nucleus, especially in the direction of opposite the Sun and backside of the nucleus. They can stretch 1-11AU along the cometary orbit and 1-5 (&sim10^3AU) cross the orbit. Therefore good displays of meteor shower (10---100 times as usual) or storms (103---104 times as usual) can occur when the Earth passes a high density meteoroid stream during the period of 3 years before and 5 years after the perihelion passage of the comet. During that period, bolides or shooting stars which are serious harmful to spaceflight security increase greatly to 3%~10%. This corrects the wrong point of view that the harmful micro-meteoroids to spaceflight security in period meteor showers are <1 g only. 2. The cosmic dust maintaining mechanism of long-life Es layer in mid-latitude area It is proved the life of Es layer increased greatly when most ions are long-life metal type ions (Fe +, Mg + ?? ) which composite coefficient is much smaller than that of molecule type ions(O2 + , NO + ?? ). The observation for about 50 years roughly approves that the blanketing frequency of Es layer (fb Es) abnormally increase in large area (>105km2) and lasting long time (>15 min) only when strong meteor shower occurred at night. It is not f, l and c type Es layer evolved from sequence Es layer. This shows that the cause of fb Es increase is that the ionosphere was bombarded by an additional swarm of cometary dusts, much smaller than those which produce an ionization trail that can be detected by radio detectors. 3. Spaceflight security During the strong meteor shower, bolides or shooting stars which mass may >1 g increase obviously. Since its kinetic energy is great, a bolide will explode when impacting on spacecraft to produce compress waves passing to inner wall, therefore possibly result in break, except for bringing sunken marks on the outer wall. In a word, the possible damage of strong meteor showers to big spacecraft and long time staying spacecraft can not be neglect. Launch of spaceflight should be evaded and security step for spaceflight in orbit should be taken during the strong meteor shower.

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