Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Apr 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001geoji.145...97h&link_type=abstract
Geophysical Journal International, Volume 145, Issue 1, pp. 97-111.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
11
Granular Flows, Numerical Modelling, Shallow Water, Submarine Landslides, Tsunami
Scientific paper
Deep and large submarine slumps may generate tsunamis as disastrous as tsunamis of tectonic origin. Such a landslide is likely to be the origin of the 1998 July 17 tsunami of Papua New Guinea, the deadliest tsunami in the last 50years. Water waves devastated a 20km stretch of coastline, wiping out three villages and killing more than 2200 people. A numerical model has been developed to study the efficiency of deep slumps in producing tsunamis and has been applied to the Papua New Guinea event. The landslide is treated as the flow of a homogeneous gravity-driven continuum governed by a rheological law. Water waves are generated by sea-bottom displacements induced by the landslide. The shallow-water approximation is adopted for both the landslide and the associated water waves. The resulting differential equations are solved by a finite difference method based on shock-capturing. The shallow-water hypothesis is tested by comparison with a model solving Navier-Stokes equations for a mixture of water and sediments. Sensitivity tests carried out for a 2-D simplified geometry show that the water surface profile depends strongly on the constitutive law of the landslide. The 1998 event is simulated numerically by the shallow-water model, testing different friction laws. The observed inundation height distribution is well reproduced by the model for a volume of 4km3, with its top located at a water depth of 550m, and sliding with a Coulomb-type friction law over a distance of 5km.
Hébert Hélène
Heinrich Ph.
Piatanesi Alessio
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