Biology – Quantitative Biology – Genomics
Scientific paper
2009-12-20
Biology
Quantitative Biology
Genomics
41 pages, 11 figures
Scientific paper
Chromatin is a complex of DNA, RNA and proteins whose primary function is to package genomic DNA into the tight confines of a cell nucleus. A fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, an octamer of histone proteins around which 147 base pairs of DNA are wound in almost two turns of a left-handed superhelix. Chromatin is a dynamic structure which exerts profound influence on regulation of gene expression and other cellular functions. These chromatin-directed processes are facilitated by optimizing nucleosome positions throughout the genome and by remodeling nucleosomes in response to various external and internal signals such as environmental perturbations. Here we discuss large-scale maps of nucleosome positions made available through recent advances in parallel high-throughput sequencing and microarray technologies. We show that these maps reveal common features of nucleosome organization in eukaryotic genomes. We also survey computational models designed to predict nucleosome formation scores or energies, and demonstrate how these predictions can be used to position multiple nucleosome on the genome without steric overlap.
Morozov Alexandre V.
Tolkunov Denis
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