Nonlocal Escape-Integral Approximations for the Line Force in Structured Line-driven Stellar Winds

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Stars: Circumstellar Matter, Stars: Early-Type, Line: Formation, Radiative Transfer, Stars: Atmospheres, Stars: Mass Loss

Scientific paper

We develop a nonlocal, integral escape-probability formalism for approximating both the direct and diffuse line force in a structured, radiatively driven stellar wind. Our approach represents a direct generalization of the local Sobolev escape-probability methods commonly applied in smooth, steady wind models. It naturally incorporates previous nonlocal force methods based on pure-absorption or smooth source function (S SF) approximations for the line transport. However, it also leads to the development of a new "escape-integral source function" (EISF) method, which, for the first time, takes into account the dynamical effects of gradients in the perturbed source function. Perturbation analyses, formulated here in terms of the perturbed escape probability, demonstrate how key aspects of the linear wind instability, including line-drag and phase-propagation reversals, are incorporated in the various nonlocal force approximations. The methods here thus provide the basis for further, more complete simulations of the nonlinear wind structure resulting from this strong line-driven flow instability.

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