New Insights into the Physics of the Solar Corona from SOHO/LASCO

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Scientific paper

The LASCO coronagraph, on the NASA/ESA SOHO spacecraft, was launched in December 1995 to image the solar corona. The major scientific objectives were to understand where and how the solar wind is accelerated and what causes coronal mass ejections and what role they play in the evolutionary development of the large scale magnetic field of the Sun. The wide field of view (1.1 to 32 solar radii) and the high signal to noise (700:1) has enabled unprecedented observations of the dynamics of the solar corona. One new observation is that the Sun is continually ejecting material in discrete bursts (not the traditional CME) along pre-existing streamers. These ejecta have a speed profile that mimics the theoretical predictions of the slow solar wind. LASCO has also been revealing coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they are launched from the sun and following them out to distances that were not accessible to previous researchers enabling the discovery of several important, new results. Calculations of the total energy (kinetic, potential and magnetic) show that in some events, magnetic energy is being converted to kinetic energy. Another new observation has been the discovery of inflowing material. These observations are contributing to new insights and to new puzzles in our understanding of the dynamics of the Sun and its impact on Earth.

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