Computer Science
Scientific paper
Jul 1994
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994metic..29s.477i&link_type=abstract
Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114), vol. 29, no. 4, p. 477-478
Computer Science
Chemical Composition, Glass, Meteorite Craters, Radioactive Age Determination, Tektites, Melting, Paleomagnetism, Thermoluminescence, Volcanology
Scientific paper
Coexistence of three unmixed types of melted glasses (basic impactites, tektites-irghizites associated with microtektites, and multiple-layered Muong-Nong (MN)-type tektites - zhamanshinites) is a unique feature of the Zhamanshin impact crater. The crater represents the best test ground for solving the old tektite puzzle. MN-zhamanshinites can be arranged into the distinctly differentiated series, the longest tektite series recorded. Its acid make-up (70-85% SiO), composed of black glass is undistinguishable from the MN tektites common in Vietnam and Thailand. The middle part of the series (63-70% SiO) consists of yellow glass and pumice often interlaced with black acid glass. Close analogs of these black-yellow-layered MN tektites are found in Vietnam and Thailand. The low-silica part (50-60% SiO) consists of dark pumice unusually rich in AlO. All three members of the MN tektite series can be observed within large blocks more than 50 kg in weight, the fragments of some larger bodies like lava flows or extrusives unknown within the crater. The arguments in favor of extraterrestrial origin of the Zhamanshin MN tektite series are the age paradox; the absence of target rock compositional analogs, especially for the basic and intermediate part of the series; and findings of the MN-type zhamanshinites partially remelted during the last stages of the impact event. Evidence of volcanic origin is well-ordered differentiation trends typical of igneous rock series but not of impact melts; features of long-time multiphase formation of the layered MN tektites; distinct subseries or tektite families as possible products of different volcanic phases or impulses; and accumulation of glasses with various radiogenic ages in one place, impossible for an impact process but common for long-time volcanic activity. MN-type zhamanshinites are erroneously nominated as impactites by the advocates of the earth impact theory of tektite origin.
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