Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2004-09-20
Nuclear Physics B. (Proc.Suppl.) 136 (2004) 119-128
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
10 pages, 11 figures and 1 tab., Catania GZK meeting, to be published in Nuclear Phys B
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.03
Up-going and Horizontal Tau Air-Showers, UpTaus and HorTaus, may trace Ultra High Energy Neutrino Tau Earth Skimming at the edge of the horizons. Their secondaries muon, electron pairs, and gamma bundles flashes might trace their nature over UHECR secondaries in horizontal showers. Indeed the atmosphere act as a perfect amplifier as well as a filter for showers: down-ward and horizontal muon bundles may still be originated by far Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays skimming the terrestrial atmosphere but their rich gamma component will be exponentially suppressed. At large zenith angles after crossing a large slant depth X > 3 10^3 g cm^-2 the number of muons and secondary gamma (produced by the electron pair from muon decay in flight) is comparable. On the other hand, up-ward muon bundles from UpTaus and HorTaus may arise within a young shower with a larger gamma-muon ratio 10^2, leaving a characteristic imprint. We estimate the UpTaus and HorTaus rate from the Earth and we evaluate the consequent event rate of muons, electrons pairs andgamma bundles. We show that such events even for minimal GZK neutrino fluxes could be detected by scintillator arrays placed on mountains at 1-5km and pointing to the horizon. The required arrayareas are within tens-hundreds of square meters. The ideal structure is an array of crown-like twin detectors facing the horizons. We argue that such detectors will be able to detect both muonic bundles at a minimal average flux of 10^-11 cm-2 s^-1 sr^-1 and electromagnetic particles gamma and electron pairs 3 10^-9 cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1, a few times each year for GZK neutrino fluxes.
Fargion Daniele
Grossi Marco
Sanctis Lucentini G. de P.
Santis M. de
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