Multiple starspots and the solar analogy: A new approach and applications to HD 12545

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Light Curve, Solar Activity, Spatial Distribution, Starspots, Stellar Models, Stellar Temperature, Color Photography, Iteration, Luminous Intensity, Stellar Color, Stellar Radiation

Scientific paper

An improved method for the modeling of light curves of spotted stars is presented. This method still operates by trial and error but assumes numerous spots, unlike the other classical light-curve solutions of one-spot or standard two-spot models. The symmetry implied by the solar analogy, which describes the distribution of spots, helps reduce the number of free parameters. Automatic iterations converge to a unique solution of spot parameters (temperature, sizes, and locations) to produce theoretical light curves fitting the five-color photometry (UBVRI) of HD 12545. The spot temperature is treated as a free parameter simultaneously with the sizes and locations, unlike other models which usually predict it from V-I or V-R color curves prior to the trials. The spots are found to be 1280 K cooler than the Teff = 4820 K of this cool giant and to cover approximately 27% of the total surface at +/- 18 deg away from the equator.

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