Multiple quasars with large magnitude differences - Extreme magnification by gravitational lenses?

Statistics – Computation

Scientific paper

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Gravitational Lenses, Magnitude, Probability Distribution Functions, Quasars, Black Holes (Astronomy), Computational Astrophysics, Frequency Distribution, Image Analysis

Scientific paper

Three of the 14 currently accepted or suspected multiple imaged quasars are characterized by differences of more than 2 mag between their components. Large flux differences between the components of a multiply imaged quasar can be caused by one of the images being strongly magnified or demagnified. It is shown that the effect of large magnification is dominant. Fortunately, the magnification probability distribution for transparent lenses in the limit of large magnifications has a universal form. Assuming known intrinsic QSO number counts, this universality is used to derive model-independent upper bounds for the frequency of occurrence of large magnification cases.

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