Multi-year Periodicities in the Zonal Winds within a Venus General Circulation Model

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We have developed a new Venus general circulation model (GCM), adapted from the Earth-based Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). We make use of the most current finite volume version of the global 3-dimensional CAM model. To convert the model for Venus' atmosphere, we have eliminated all Earth-specific processes and included parameters appropriate for Venus. We adopt a simplified radiative forcing, similar to the Newtonian cooling approximation used by other investigators. In future simulations we will incorporate a self-consistent radiative forcing approach, based on the radiation model used in the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique Venus GCM. We use a high horizontal grid resolution (1 degree by 1 degree in latitude and longitude) in order to take account of small-scale dynamical processes that may be important in Venus' atmosphere. Boundary layer parameterizations involve a simple linear friction approach at the lower boundary to represent surface drag, and near the upper boundary to prevent wave reflection. Wind magnitudes comparable with those measured in Venus' atmosphere and superrotation are generated within the simulations using the simplified thermal forcing. A cyclic variation is found in the mid-latitude zonal wind jets in the simulations, with a period close to 10 years. Mid-latitude jets may be generated by poleward transport by a meridional circulation, followed by equatorward redistribution of angular momentum via eddies. The upward transport of angular momentum to cloud levels is related to the vertical propagation of waves rather than to a simple Hadley circulation. Apparent variations in the structure of the mid-latitude jets between different observing campaigns such as Pioneer Venus, Mariner 10, and Venus Express, support the possibility of a similar cycle in the real Venus atmosphere. In order to understand the dynamics of Venus' atmosphere, observations over multi-year time scales are essential.

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