Monitoring dynamical vegetation processes with solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements from space (Invited)

Computer Science – Performance

Scientific paper

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[0480] Biogeosciences / Remote Sensing

Scientific paper

Fluorescence is a powerful non-invasive tool to track the status, resilience, and recovery of photochemical processes and moreover provides important information on overall vegetation photosynthetic performance with implications for related carbon sequestration, allowing to measure planetary photosynthesis by means of a global monitoring of steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence in terrestrial vegetation. The FLuorescence EXperiment (FLEX) is designed to observe the photosynthetic activity of the vegetation layer, by using a completely novel technique measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence signal that originates from the core of the photosynthetic machinery, i.e. the ‘breathing’ of the vegetation layer of the living planet. Conceived as a technology demonstration mission, it proposes a set of instruments for the measurement of the interrelated features of fluorescence, spectral reflectance, and canopy temperature, by using a dedicated small satellite flying in tandem with GMES Sentinel-3. This will provide a completely new possibility to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems at the global scale, to improve the predictability of dynamical vegetation models on scales comprising canopies and biomes, and to provide an improved estimate of GPP for a better understanding of the global carbon cycle. It will also improve understanding of the role of vegetation in the coupled global carbon / water cycles, the global assessment of the vegetation health conditions and vegetation stress and the support the development of future crop production strategies in a changing climate. The measurement represent a challenge: the weak fluorescence signal is masked by the reflected background radiance, and accurate compensation of all perturbing effects becomes essential. Recent developments have demonstrated the feasibility of the measurements of canopy fluorescence from space. Recent model developments and data processing tools have made possible to guarantee the capability to retrieve the needed information from fluorescence measurements and the proper use of such information in monitoring vegetation photosynthesis. A joint effort in support of basic science and derived applications is needed to achieve the expectations created with such new powerful technique. This paper will review recent developments in the field and summarise achievements, perspectives and research to be done in the near future.

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