Molecules in the envelope of planetary nebulae with the example of CO-envelope of M2-9

Details Molecules in the envelope of planetary nebulae with the example of CO-envelope of M2-9 Molecules in the envelope of planetary nebulae with the example of CO-envelope of M2-9

Feb 1992

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1992phdt.........4d&link_type=abstract

Thesis Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Astronomisches Inst.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Carbon Monoxide, Interstellar Masers, Planetary Nebulae, Red Giant Stars, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Evolution, Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Horizontal Branch Stars, Molecular Clouds, Photodissociation, Photoionization, Stellar Winds, Synthetic Apertures, Very Long Base Interferometry

Scientific paper

Star evolution and interrelations between dust and molecules in planetary nebulae are studied. Models for the development of asymptotic giant branches from the Hayashi line were presented and discussed, and mass loss through stellar wind was explained. The morphology of planetary nebulae was described with reference to their border geometry and internal halos: spherical, elliptic, and 'butterfly'. The nonspherical density distribution of the red giant envelope is assumed to be caused by star rotation or magnetic field existence. Homomolecular and heteromolecular homogeneous condensation theories for dust formation are given. Chemical blocking is explained, which is due to the high binding energy of CO molecule. CO infrared emission measurement results are presented such as SiO, OH, and H2O laser emission data. Some aspects of very long baseline interferometry and synthetic aperture are depicted, such as calibration, the u v w coordinate system, and Fourier analysis. Photoplanetary bipolar nebula M2-9 was observed in the CO(J equal to 1,0) line, with a millimeter wavelength interferometer. It is concluded that M2-9 is a very young planetary nebula, mainly consisting of dust and CO molecules.

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