Molecular emission in the IC443 Supernova Remnant

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Supernovae are an important source of energy input to the interstellar medium. They send shock waves that propagate through and interact with the Interstellar Medium. These shock waves originally create large cavities filled with hot ionized material. At some point, supernova-driven shock waves become radiative, emitting strong line emissions, initially at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths, that are widely observed from supernova remnants. In the interaction region of these remnants with the ambient molecular cloud, slower shock waves heat, accelerate, and compress the surrounding medium. The physical processes at work in such shocked regions (density, temperature and associated timescales) in turn generate a specific chemistry, both in the gas-phase and through grains interactions, that can significantly alter the abundance of certain species. The resulting infra-red, but also sub-mm molecular emission can be used as a diagnostic tool to study the physical and chemical characteristics of the shocked region, yielding constraints on shock parameters such as the pre-shock density, magnetic field, or shock type, velocity or type. IC443 is a typical example of such galactic SuperNova Remnants, at an estimated distance of 1.5 kpc, with a diameter of about 50 arcminutes. In this talk, I will present new extensive maps of CO gas of the whole remnant, at the highest frequencies accessible from the ground. I will also explain how the use of such observations on selected positions, in combination with pure rotational H_2 transitions acquired with the Spitzer telescope (IRS) can allow us to place constraints on shock model parameters through comparisons with a grid of shock models. Based on this preliminary study, I will also show how the additional comparison of water observations (as provided by the HIFI receiver onboard the Herschel telescope) with our shock simulations is a good way to refine these constraints and test our understanding of the water formation processes in shocked regions.

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