Mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms

Details Mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms Mixed-mode echoes on vertical-incidence ionograms

Feb 1980

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980jatp...42..131g&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 42, Feb. 1980, p. 131-145.

Computer Science

Sound

Echo Sounding, F Region, Ionograms, Ionospheric Sounding, Propagation Modes, Coupled Modes, Incidence, Ionosondes, Magnetoionics, Tropical Regions

Scientific paper

Mixed-mode echoes (MME) have been observed on ionograms from a number of low-latitude vertical-incidence ionospheric sounding stations. Such echoes result from magneto-ionic-mode conversion in the non-deviative region below the F-layer. They appear, for example, half way in virtual height between the traces of normal ordinary and extraordinary 2F plus or minus nE echoes, where n = 0, 1, 2, . . . . In echoes involving high order F-layer reflections, the MME are multiple. Examples of the phenomenon with some statistics of occurrence are presented, and three mechanisms of their origin are discussed. One involves scattering by a filamentary structure in an Esq-layer, one involves magneto-ionic coupling in a thin sporadic-E layer, and a third involves off-vertical reflection from a concavity in the underside of the F-layer.

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