Mineral formation in stellar winds. I. Condensation sequence of silicate and iron grains in stationary oxygen rich outflows

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Stars: Circumstellar Matter, Stars: Mass-Loss, Stars: Agb And Post-Agb

Scientific paper

This paper considers the growth of circumstellar dust grains formed from the elements silicon, magnesium, and iron. The stability of olivine (Mg2xFe_{2(1-x)}SiO_4), quartz (SiO_2), iron, and periclase (MgO) dust in a circumstellar environment is discussed. The role of exchange of Fe(2+) and Mg(2+) cations, solid diffusion of Fe(2+) cations within the SiO_4 matrix of the silicate lattice, and annealing of an initially amorphous lattice structure during olivine growth is considered. The complete set of equations describing the vapourisation and growth of a mixture of olivine, quartz, iron, and periclase grains, including the internal diffusion and the surface exchange processes, is derived. These equations are solved for a simplified model of a stellar wind for the case of an M star. The calculation shows that for M stars the dust in the circumstellar shell is a multicomponent mixture dominated by olivine and iron grains. Olivine grains likely show variations of their magnesium and iron content between the core and the surface. Some periclase and a tiny fraction of quartz also are formed in the outflow.

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