Method of aperture synthesis: Fundamental relations and data processing in aperture synthesis systems (review)

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Astrophysics, Problem Solving, Radiation Sources, Synthetic Apertures, Data Processing, Flux Density, Fourier Transformation, Radio Filters, Sidelobes, Signal Reception

Scientific paper

The theory of aperture synthesis for solution of astrophysical problems regarding the structure of radiation sources is based on the time correlation function for signals from space-diverse receiver elements. This correlation function is approximately equal to the product of the surface integral of the filter frequency characteristic times the sought radioluminance (power flux density) distribution of respect to angle. In the Fourier transform domain the radioluminance distribution is the product of the antenna space-frequency characteristic and the space-coherence function. The mathematical procedure for aperture synthesis reduces to calculation of the radioluminance distribution as such. Conventional linear methods of data analysis and processing for this purpose include cleaning of large side lobes by sequential suppression of strong sources so as to reveal otherwise masked weak sources. Recently there were conceived other methods, namely: (1) using a priori information about the source dimensions; (2) utilizing the positive-definiteness of the coherence function; discretization and composition of the radioluminance distribution with adaptation of its elements relative to location.

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