Method for determining atmospheric temperature profiles from observations of astronomical refraction of stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Astronomy, Atmospheric Refraction, Atmospheric Temperature, Temperature Profiles, Algorithms, Fredholm Equations, Stars

Scientific paper

Theoretical and experimental work was done to determine the possibilities of retrieving vertical temperature profiles from refraction measurements when observing celestial bodies from the surface at positive angles of elevation. This required derivation of a fundamental equation which relates refraction epsilon and the atmospheric refractive index n, which is reduced to a Fredholm equation of the first kind by integration by parts. Two algorithms were written for solving the new equation involving use of the statistical regularization method or a compact class of monotonic functions. Suggestions are made on overcoming a number of inherent difficulties in the problem. Effectiveness was checked by comparing retrieved profiles and aerological sounding data (in the example of combined astronomical and aerological observations in a semidesert region). Specific data from practical application of the method are cited. These examples indicate that the accuracy of measurements of refraction, the accuracy in computing the kernel of the pertinent integral equation and the degree of correspondence of the spherically symmetric approximation to the real atmosphere meet all requirements. Retrieval accuracy is equal to that obtained by surface microwave radiometry methods.

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