Meteoroid and space debris impacts in grazing-incidence telescopes

Details Meteoroid and space debris impacts in grazing-incidence telescopes Meteoroid and space debris impacts in grazing-incidence telescopes

2008-03-13

arxiv.org/abs/0803.1983v1

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, February 2008

Scientific paper

10.1051/0004-6361:200809414

Micrometeoroid or space debris impacts have been observed in the focal planes of the XMM-Newton and Swift-XRT X-ray observatories. These impacts have resulted in damage to, and in one case the failure of, focal-plane Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) detectors. We present a simple model for the propagation of micrometeoroids and space debris particles into telescopes with grazing incidence X-ray optics. The risks of future focal-plane impact events in three present (Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra) and two future (SIMBOL-X and XEUS) X-ray observatories are then estimated. The probabilities of at least one impact occurring in the Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra focal planes, in a one year period from the time of writing in November 2007 are calculated to be ~5% and ~50% and ~3%. First-order predictions of the impact rates expected for the future SIMBOL-X and XEUS X-ray observatories yield probabilities for at least one focal-plane impact, during nominal 5-year missions, of more than 94% and 99%, respectively. Future X-ray observatories, with large collecting areas and long focal lengths, may experience much higher impact rates on their focal-plane detectors than those currently in operation. This should be considered in the design and planning of future missions.

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