Melting and Differentiation Effects on Convective Heat Transport

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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5430 Interiors (8147), 8121 Dynamics, Convection Currents And Mantle Plumes, 8130 Heat Generation And Transport, 8147 Planetary Interiors (5430, 5724), 8434 Magma Migration

Scientific paper

The mantles of terrestrial planets are multi-phase systems, including multiple liquid and solid phases at various stages in their evolution. Chemical differentiation is a process which affects the heat transport through a planetary mantle in several fundamental ways. First, the principal heat generating elements preferentially segregate into the liquid silicate phase and are removed from the mantle by melt segregation. Second, through the removal of volatiles from the mantle and devolatilization at the surface, melting and melt segregation results in a rheological stratification. Third, both the erupted melt and the residual mantle are buoyant relative to fertile mantle which may lead to chemical stratification of the mantle, at least temporarily. Fourth, the transport of latent heat from the interior by melt ascent acts like a heat pipe, increasing the efficiency of heat transport. Finally, the deposition of material at the surface results in a downward advection of the upper thermal boundary layer altering its thermal structure. Numerical simulations in the stagnant lid regime of temperature-dependent convection are presented studying the last three of these effects. Strong buoyancy effects can lead to stable stratification (the formation of a crust) which is still, however, dynamic, in that recycling is going on at the base of the thermal boundary layer due to the downward advection term. This recycling depends on continuous melting and therefore a very high internal heating rate.

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