Nonlinear Sciences – Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Scientific paper
2002-05-08
Nonlinear Sciences
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
4 figures; submitted
Scientific paper
One of the most challenging issues of evolutionary biology concerns speciation, the emergence of new species from an initial one. The huge amount of species found in nature demands a simple and robust mechanism. Yet, no consensus has been reached concerning a reasonable disruptive selection mechanism that prevents mixing genes among the emerging species, especially when they live in sympatry. Usually it is assumed that females select males according to their displaying traits, but males perform no selection on female traits. However, recent experimental evidence accumulates towards the existence of male choice. Here we propose a robust mechanism for sympatric speciation, based on the assumption that sexual selection operates in two directions: selection of males by females and of females by males. Complex mating instabilities emerge, creating differential fitness depending on the individuals displaying traits and preferences. When a secondary sexual trait is introduced in a population, due to mutations, the activation of previously neutral genes or due to a different perception of already existent displaying traits, sympatric speciation may result (together with a species recognition system) from a competitive exclusion principle. We suggest that potential candidates to test our theory could be yeasts.
Almeida Catarina R.
de Abreu Fernão Vistulo
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