Martian Climatology from MCS

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Scientific paper

Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has collected limb observations starting in September 2006. MCS is a nine channel infrared radiometer with limb staring arrays optimized for atmospheric sounding. Retrievals have been performed on a majority of the valid limb observations. This has produced over 2 million profiles of temperature, dust opacity and water ice opacity, extending from the surface to 80 km and spanning over two Mars years.
We have binned selected parameters to produce zonal mean time series, using 2 degree Ls bins and 5 degree latitude bins. Binned quantities include column dust opacity, column water ice opacity, surface temperature, and atmospheric temperature at 50 Pa, 5 Pa and 0.5 Pa (corresponding to 25 km, 45 km and 65 km above the surface). For all quantities, we have produced both daytime and nighttime time series. These products show a number of interesting features including the difference in the impact on most parameters of the 2007 global dust storm and the 2009 large regional storm in the southern hemisphere. Winter polar warming is quite evident at the lower pressure levels and at the 0.5 Pa level, there is a very strong seasonal pattern in thermal tidal structure.
By including comparable MGS/TES and ODY/THEMIS observations, where available, the climatology can be extended to cover 6 consecutive Mars Years. The temperature structure at 50 Pa and the daytime dust column opacity show the distinct and different effects of several major and moderate dust storms occurring during the southern spring and summer. At other seasons, the atmosphere shows less, but still noticeable, interannual variability.

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