Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Oct 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002esasp.505..167s&link_type=abstract
In: SOLMAG 2002. Proceedings of the Magnetic Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere Euroconference and IAU Colloquium 188, 11 - 15 Jun
Mathematics
Logic
1
Sunspots Observations, Magnetic Field, Material Flow
Scientific paper
Sunspots define the frequency and the amplitude of the magnetic activity cycle and they witness the operation of the solar dynamo deep in the convection zone. On a microscopic scale, sunspots offer a variety of morphological, dynamical and magnetic structure. Some of these are not very well understood, others seem to be in conflict with basic concepts of magnetohydrodynamics. Recent observations have revealed more and more details about the small-scale structure of the penumbra and umbra. Many of these high-resolution measurements deal with the relationship between the magnetic field configuration and the material motion, e.g. the Evershed flow and the related question of sources and sinks of the moving gas. The energy balance in sunspots is an important topic with respect to the formation and life cycle of sunspots. Observational results and model predictions suggest that umbral dots as well as penumbral grains are responsible for the heat transport to the sunspot photosphere. In spite of recent achievements, a coherent description and interpretation of all the various phenomena and their respective role does not exist.
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