Localized Nests of Convection in Rapidly Rotating Suns

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Many solar-like stars rotate more rapidly than the sun. Through their magnetized winds, these stars gradually lose angular momentum and spin down. By similar processes, our Sun must have rotated more rapidly in the past than it currently does. We explore the effects of more rapid rotation upon turbulent stellar convection, studying full spherical shells that admit global scale flows. We conduct 3-D simulations of compressible turbulent convection with the anelastic spherical harmonic (ASH) code on massively parallel supercomputers. For simplicity, we adopt the radial stratification of the present-day sun and examine global scale convection in a zone extending from 0.72 to 0.97 solar radii, and consider a range of rotation rates from 1 to 5 times the solar rotation rate. With increasing rotation we observe that convection at low latitudes becomes spatially modulated in strength, yielding localized nests of strong convection. These nests are persistent over very long periods and propagate in longitude at slower rates than individual convective structures within them. It is striking that a strong differential rotation is achieved by these modulated states. The convection at high latitudes is more isotropic but influenced by the meridional circulations present throughout the shell. Weak modulation can be recognized even at the solar rotation rate, with some implications for active magnetic longitudes in the Sun.

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