Mathematics – Probability
Scientific paper
2007-03-30
Mathematics
Probability
Lecture Notes from the 5th Prague Summer School on Mathematical Statistical Mechanics, September 11-22, 2006. to appear on Lec
Scientific paper
These notes are devoted to the statistical mechanics of directed polymers interacting with one-dimensional spatial defects. We are interested in particular in the situation where frozen disorder is present. These polymer models undergo a localization/delocalization transition. There is a large (bio)-physics literature on the subject since these systems describe, for instance, the statistics of thermally created loops in DNA double strands and the interaction between (1+1)-dimensional interfaces and disordered walls. In these cases the transition corresponds, respectively, to the DNA denaturation transition and to the wetting transition. More abstractly, one may see these models as random and inhomogeneous perturbations of renewal processes. The last few years have witnessed a great progress in the mathematical understanding of the equilibrium properties of these systems. In particular, many rigorous results about the location of the critical point, about critical exponents and path properties of the polymer in the two thermodynamic phases (localized and delocalized) are now available. Here, we will focus on some aspects of this topic - in particular, on the non-perturbative effects of disorder. The mathematical tools employed range from renewal theory to large deviations and, interestingly, show tight connections with techniques developed recently in the mathematical study of mean field spin glasses.
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