Limitations of Atom Interferometry for Gravitational Wave Observations in Space

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Two main papers have proposed Atomic Gravitational wave Interferometric
Sensors (AGIS) in space [1,2]. A Comment on [1] pointed out the strong
sensitivity of the proposed AGIS missions to fluctuations in the wavefront aberrations in the laser beams [3]. A Reply to the Comment stated that a high-finesse optical mode-cleaner cavity could be placed after the laser to remove the wavefront aberration fluctuations [4]. However, the proposed AGIS missions require that one of the two laser beams sent in opposite directions between the two atom interferometers at the ends of the path be modulated over quite large frequency ranges on millisecond timescales. This is partly in order to provide large momentum transfer beam splitters and mirrors to separate and recombine different parts of the wave function for the ultra-cold atoms in the atom interferometers. However, since many atom clouds are in the interferometers simultaneously, frequency shifts also are required in order to address the different clouds separately. If a high-finesse mode-cleaner cavity is used for that beam also, varying the transmission frequency of that cavity rapidly enough appears to place a major additional design constraint on the proposed AGIS missions. The extent of this constraint will be discussed briefly in this talk, along with other aspects of the proposed missions.
[1] S. Dimopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. D 78, 122002 (2008)
[2] J. M. Hogan et al., Gen. Relativ. & Gravitation 43, 1953-2009 (2011)
[3] P. L. Bender, Phys. Rev. D 84, 028101 (2011)
[4] S. Dimopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. D 84, 028102 (2011)

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