Lidar observations of meteor trails: evidence for fragmentation of meteoroids and their subsequent differential ablation

Computer Science – Sound

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Meteoroids, Fragmentation, Ablation, Meteor Trails

Scientific paper

We report on new observations of meteor trails by ground-based lidars. The observations are performed with metal resonance lidars which sounds simultaneously the densities of Na, K, Fe, and Ca atoms and Ca+ ions in the altitude range from 80 to 105 km. So far, we have measured more than 1200 trails. We estimate that these trails were produced by meteoroids in the 10μg to gram range. A comparison of the occurrence rates of single-element and two-element trails and measurements of the ratios of metal atom abundances in the trails indicate that the lidar-observed meteoroids ablate almost exclusively differentially. The preponderance of differential ablation processes throughout this mass range of meteoroids suggests that during their atmospheric entry a large percentage of all meteoroids fragments into tiny particles which are small enough to ablate differentially.

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