Laboratory Measurements on Martian Soil Simulant JSC Mars-1 Supporting the Calibration of Instruments for Planetary Missions

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The concentration of water in the Martian regolith is an important parameter in many scientific domains. The abundance and distribution of water in the atmosphere and under the surface of Mars have fundamental significance for the geological, hydrological and climatic history of the planet. Furthermore, water is a fundamental ingredient of life and represents an important potential resource for future manned missions. Water possesses an electrical signature that allows the identification of its presence among other materials, even at very low concentrations. Not only the permittivity, but also the conductivity of permafrost and water-bearing rocks depends upon the presence of water. A laboratory facility has been set up to measure the complex permittivity of soil mixtures as a function of porosity, humidity, and temperature in the frequency range 10 Hz 10 kHz. The experimental technique is presented and the results obtained with the JSC Mars-1 soil simulant are discussed. A measurable gravimetric water content threshold is evaluated. The measurement of the dielectric properties of soil analogues allows estimating conductivity and permittivity of the Martian regolith, and supports the design of instruments for the detection of water and ice.

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