Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Dec 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009agufmsh42a..01s&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #SH42A-01
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
[7500] Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy
Scientific paper
Nonthermal emission from a variety of astrophysical sources, including relativistic jets and supernova remnants, is often attributed to collisionless shocks. These shocks are inferred to accelerate particles and in some cases strongly amplify magnetic fields. How this happens remains to be clarified through both theory and observations. In this talk, I will present a summary of recent progress in kinetic modeling of collisionless shocks using particle-in-cell simulations. I will discuss the internal structure of relativistic and non-relativistic shocks, concentrating on the conditions necessary for particle acceleration. Large-scale shock simulations show ab-initio Fermi acceleration of particles from the thermal pool to power-law distributions and can set constraints on the shock acceleration efficiency and geometry. Other results that will be discussed include the amplification of magnetic fields by accelerated particles through streaming instabilities, and the electron-ion temperature equilibration in collisionless shocks.
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